Epidemiology and Health

COVID-19: Original Article

Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-COV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART): findings from national representative sample: Jina Han, Hye Jin Baek, Eunbi Noh, Kyuhyun Yoon, Jung Ae Kim, Sukhyun Ryu, Kay O Lee, No Yai Park, Eunok Jung, Sangil Kim, Hyukmin Lee, Yoo-Sung Hwang, Jaehun Jung, Hun Jae Lee, Sung-il Cho, Sangcheol Oh, Migyeong Kim, Chang-Mo Oh, Byengchul Yu, Young-Seoub Hong, Keonyeop Kim, Sun Jae Jung, Mi Ah Han, Moo-Sik Lee, Jung-Jeung Lee, Young Hwangbo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Yu-Mi Kim, Joongyub Lee, Weon-Young Lee, Jae-Hyun Park, Sungsoo Oh, Heui Sug Jo, Hyeongsu Kim, Gilwon Kang, Hae-Sung Nam, Ju-Hyung Lee, Gyung-Jae Oh, Min-Ho Shin, Soyeon Ryu, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Soon-Woo Park, Sang Kyu Kim, Roma Seol, Ki-Soo Park, Su Young Kim, Jun-wook Kwon, Sung Soon Kim, Byoungguk Kim, June-Woo Lee, Eun Young Jang, Ah-Ra Kim, Jeonghyun Nam, The Korea Community Health Survey Group, Soon Young Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023075. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023075

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We estimated the population prevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including unreported infections, through a Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART) in 258 communities throughout Korea.

METHODS

In August 2022, a survey was conducted among 10,000 household members aged 5 years and older, in households selected through two stage probability random sampling. During face-to-face household interviews, participants self-reported their health status, COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination history, and general characteristics. Subsequently, participants visited a community health center or medical clinic for blood sampling. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to spike proteins (anti-S) and antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins (anti-N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. To estimate the population prevalence, the PROC SURVEYMEANS statistical procedure was employed, with weighting to reflect demographic data from July 2022.

RESULTS

In total, 9,945 individuals from 5,041 households were surveyed across 258 communities, representing all basic local governments in Korea. The overall population-adjusted prevalence rates of anti-S and anti-N were 97.6% and 57.1%, respectively. Since the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has reported a cumulative incidence of confirmed cases of 37.8% through July 31, 2022, the proportion of unreported infections among all COVID-19 infection was suggested to be 33.9%.

CONCLUSIONS

The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19, confirming that most individuals possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and that a significant number of unreported cases existed. Furthermore, this study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.

Summary

Korean summary
인구집단을 기반으로 하여 대표성 있는 표본을 추출하여 COVID-19 항체유병률 조사를 전국적으로 수행함으로 지역사회 단위에서 지속적으로 모니터링할 수 있는 COVID-19 감시체계 구축의 기반을 마련하였다. 2022년 8월 우리나라 국민의 대부분이 COVID-19에 대한 항체를 보유하고 있었고 인구 3명 중 1명은 미확진 감염자로 추정되었다.

Key Message
The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19. In August 2022, most of the Korean people had antibodies to COVID-19, and one in three people was estimated to have an unreported infection. This study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Infection-mediated immune response in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and implications for next-generation COVID-19 vaccine development
Sho Miyamoto, Tadaki Suzuki
Vaccine.2024; 42(6): 1401. CrossRef

Original Article

No Association Between Functional Polymorphisms in COMT and MTHFR and Schizophrenia Risk in Korean Population: Ho Jin Kang, Byeong Moo Choe, Seong Hwan Kim, Seung-Rak Son, Kyoung-Mu Lee, Byoung Gwon Kim, Young-Seoub Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2010;32:e2010011. Published online December 24, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2010011

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

<sec><title>OBJECTIVES</title>Common genetic SNPs in two genes, encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which are interconnected with COMT gene regulation, have been reported to contribute to schizophrenia risk. In this study, we evaluated the association between functional polymorphisms in COMT and MTHFR and schizophrenia risk with a case-control study in a Korean population.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>We performed a case-control study by genotyping analysis using 360 cases and 348 controls in Korean subjects to determine the association between functional polymorphisms in COMT and MTHFR and schizophrenia risk.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>Four functional SNPs in COMT (Val158Met and rs165599) and MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) were genotyped by primer extension assay. None of the genotype distributions for the four SNPs was significantly different between cases and controls. Stratified analysis did not show any significant gender difference for any polymorphism. In addition, we found no evidence of a gene-gene interaction in the analysis of combined genotypes.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>Our results suggest no significant association between the selected functional polymorphisms of COMT or MTHFR in Korean schizophrenia subjects. However, further studies are required to confirm our findings in a larger number of subjects.</sec>

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular Mechanisms Provide a Landscape for Biomarker Selection for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis
Stephanie Fryar-Williams, Jörg Strobel, Peter Clements
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(20): 15296. CrossRef
Association between MTHFR (677C>T and 1298A>C) polymorphisms and psychiatric disorder: A meta-analysis
Xinyao Meng, Ji-long Zheng, Mao-ling Sun, Hai-yun Lai, Bao-jie Wang, Jun Yao, Hongbo Wang, Zezhi Li
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(7): e0271170. CrossRef
Association between variants of MTHFR genes and psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis
Yu-Xin Zhang, Lu-Ping Yang, Cong Gai, Cui-Cui Cheng, Zhen-yu Guo, Hong-Mei Sun, Die Hu
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
MTHFR Ala222Val polymorphism and clinical characteristics confer susceptibility to suicide attempt in chronic patients with schizophrenia
Jia Hong Liu, Cheng Zhu, Ke Zheng, Wei Tang, Li Li Gao, Tammy H. Trihn, Hanjing Emily Wu, Da Chun Chen, Mei Hong Xiu, Xiang Yang Zhang
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Effort-related decision making in humanized COMT mice: Effects of Val158Met polymorphisms and possible implications for negative symptoms in humans
Jen-Hau Yang, Rose E. Presby, Suzanne Cayer, Renee A. Rotolo, Peter A. Perrino, R. Holly Fitch, Merce Correa, Elissa J. Chesler, John D. Salamone
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.2020; 196: 172975. CrossRef
Association of functional polymorphisms in 3′-untranslated regions of COMT, DISC1, and DTNBP1 with schizophrenia
Zahra I. Mohamed, Shiau F. Tee, Pek Y. Tang
Psychiatric Genetics.2018; 28(6): 110. CrossRef
Role of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism in the susceptibility of schizophrenia: An updated meta-analysis
Upendra Yadav, Pradeep Kumar, Sanjay Gupta, Vandana Rai
Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2016; 20: 41. CrossRef
The Role of a Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met Genetic Polymorphism in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-analysis on 32,816 Subjects
Thelma Beatriz González-Castro, Yazmin Hernández-Díaz, Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop, María Lilia López-Narváez, Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate, Ana Fresan
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Evaluation of an association between plasma total homocysteine and schizophrenia by a Mendelian randomization analysis
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Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms in Saudi cases with schizophrenia
Ashraf Tantawy, Abduhamid Al-Yahia, Yasser Raya, Abdurrahman Al-Mohaimeed, Ahmad Settin
Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry.2015; 36(3): 118. CrossRef
Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with schizophrenia and its effect on episodic memory and gray matter density in patients
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Genetic Variation Throughout the Folate Metabolic Pathway Influences Negative Symptom Severity in Schizophrenia
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No Association of Functional Polymorphisms in Methlylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and the Risk and Minor Physical Anomalies of Schizophrenia in Korean Population
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